Essay on Ibsen’s Views of Women in A Doll’s House

Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House caused a sensation in 1879. During the 19th century, theatergoers were used to plays with fanciful plots that led to happy ending. Ibsen revolted against this and created a play A Doll’s House, which was the first modern drama. It was so shock to people, because it showed women’s inner life and their different, true side from what people wanted to believe and what they thought of. With his exclusive play, he shows his views of women’s struggles, strengths, and desires. First of all, Ibsen shows women’s struggle in Nora. In Act I, there’s part where Nora and Krogstad talks and he says,† When your husband was sick, you came to me for a loan of four thousand, eight hundred crowns.† (Page 1037) This was Nora’s†¦show more content†¦Her life was meaningless. As the story goes on, she shows her responsibility on people and things around her and exposes her strength with in. In the begi nning of Act III, Mrs. Linde says this to Krogstad, â€Å"Don’t forget I had helpless mother and two small brothers. We couldn’t wait for you, Nils; you had such a long road ahead of you then.† (Page 1065) They loved each other back then but Mrs. Linde had to take responsibility for her sick parent and her dependent little brothers. She couldn’t just choose what she wanted. She couldn’t show her weakness but to be strong, so she had to throw away all she desired for her family. Last of all, Ibsen shows women’s desire from Nora. At first, she seemed completely happy. But as the story reaches climax, the relationship between Nora and Krogstad revealed and Torvald finds about all the things Nora lied to him. During this phase, Nora hoped and Mrs. Linde also hoped for a miracle to happen but it didn’t. To state it correctly, the miracle didn’t happen in the right time. When Torvald started to understand her and tries to take her in again, her true self awakens. In the last part of Act III, Nora says to Torvald, â€Å"You and I both would have to transform ourselves to the point that— Oh, Torvald, I’ve stopped believing in miracle,† (Page 1079) After she awakens to her true self, she finds her real desire and what her real self will do. She decides to leave Torvald and her children.Show MoreRelated Societal Views of Women in the Victorian Era in Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House887 Words   |  4 PagesSocietal Views of Women in the Victorian Era in Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House A Doll’s House, by Henrik Ibsen, creates a peephole into the lives of a family in the Victorian Era. The play portrays a female viewpoint in a male-dominated society. The values of the society are described using the actions of a woman, Nora, who rebels against the injustices inflicted upon her gender. Women’s equality with men was not recognized by society in the late 1800’s. Rather, a woman was considered a dollRead MoreBibo1025 Words   |  5 Pagesfinal paper. Feminism Fiction Brunnemer, Kristin. Sexuality in Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House. In Bloom, Harold, ed. Human Sexuality, Blooms Literary Themes. New York: Chelsea House Publishing, 2009. Blooms Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 6 Nov. 2012. In this article, Kristin Brunnemer explores writer Henrik Ibsen and the transformation of Nora, the main character in Ibsen’s â€Å"A Doll’s House† (Brunnemer 1). There is much debate over whether Ibsen intended to promoteRead MoreEssay about The Role of Realism in Ibsens, A Dolls House737 Words   |  3 PagesIs â€Å"A Doll’s House† simply another text in which the composer questions the ideals of his society? Or is it advocating the rights of women as individuals, perhaps a pioneer in feminist literature? One may argue that â€Å"A Doll’s House† is nothing more than a product of Henrik Ibsen’s examination of his contemporary society’s values and morals, specifically those of the bourgeois class. But Ibsen does more than simply reflect upon these values and morals, and rather uses the setting of a middleclassRead MoreA Woman s Prison By Henrik Ibsen Essay1410 Words   |  6 PagesA Woman’s Prison Ibsen’s pla y, A Doll’s House immediately encountered a spectrum of reactions--ranging from strong support to harsh criticism--following its premier in 1879. Controversy came about over Nora’s role as an independent woman who makes her own decisions. The public’s immediate response to Ibsen’s play reflects the shift occurring within society, centered on gender roles and women’s place in the mid to late 19th century. Ibsen’s portrayal of women through Nora’s role explores the ideasRead MoreNora Helmer versus Hedda Gabler in Male Dominated Society Essay1101 Words   |  5 PagesThere has been a long history of women’s oppression by men in many traditional societies throughout the world. Society gave women an ideal image to follow: getting married, having a family and taking care of the family. Some women submit to the image, but certain individual stands against it. In Henrik Ibsen’s stories of Hedda Gabler and A Doll House, we witness examples of a single individual against the overwhelming society. Nora left her family and marriage behind to become an independent individualRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1444 Words   |  6 PagesIbsen s concerns about the physical and mental oppression of women by male dominance are brought to life in â€Å"A Doll s House†. Through the characterisation of male dominance Ibsen expresses the view that all women possess the right to develop their own individuality, but in â€Å"A Doll’s House† the reality is that their role was often sacrificial. During the late 19th century, when the events of â€Å"A Doll’s House† unfold, women were not treated as equals with men, either in relation to their husbandsRead MoreAn analysis of A Doll’s House main theme: Independence Essay934 Words   |  4 Pages In Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House, Nora Helmer is a traditional â€Å"angel in the house† she is a human being, but first and foremost a wife and a mother who is devoted to the care of her children, and the happiness of her husband. The play is influenced by the Victorian time period when the division of men and women was evident, and each gender had their own role to conform to. Ibsen’s views on these entrenched values is what lead to the A Doll’s House becoming so controversial as the main overarchingRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1639 Words   |  7 PagesIn the play A Doll’s House, Henrik Ibsen examines the roles of a woman during the nineteenth century in a male dominated Victorian society. The play is a well-played out journey of the main character, Nora, self-discovery and struggles against the oppression of her husband Torvald and the society he represents. Nora, who is the wife of Torvald Helmer, is the heroine of the play in the end. At the beginning of Act I, the scene is a clear picture of the lifestyle of the Helmer’s household. TheRead MoreA Critics Opinion of a Dolls House1743 Words   |  7 PagesDestiny Maxfield Mrs. Collar Engl. 1302 19 November 2012 A Critic’s Opinion of A Doll’s House In Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House many views could be seen from both sides of the gender world. Critics will argue about the true meaning of the story and why Ibsen wrote the story. The main points of the play that critics discuss are sexuality i.e. feminism, the wrong doing of the father figure, and spiritual revolution. I believe these critics are each right in their own way from my understanding of theRead MoreHenrik Ibsens A Dolls House1529 Words   |  7 PagesHenrik Ibsens A Dolls House questions the gender roles of women in society through its characters, namely Nora Helmer and Christina Linden, before and after marriage. What are gender roles exactly? Gender roles are the combination is specific gender stereotypes that consist of the perceptions of the society of what an ideal male/female should act like (Lindsey and Christy). This paper aims to question whether the gender roles of Nora Helmer and Christina Linden of Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House are

The Effect Of Sensory Diets On Sensory Processing Skills

This study intends to investigate the effect of sensory diets on sensory processing skills, psychosocial skills, and engagement in classroom activities in children between ages of four and twelve years. Hypotheses This study hypothesizes that sensory diets change children’s sensory processing skills, psychosocial skills, and engagement in classroom activities and that the control intervention of fine motor and visual motor activity has no effect on children’s sensory processing skills, psychosocial skills, and engagement in classroom activities. This study is based on the assumptions that sensory diets provide children sensorimotor experiences that meet their sensory needs in terms of type and intensity of the stimuli. These†¦show more content†¦The first intervention phase (B) will be followed by the second intervention phase of the sensory diet (C). The second baseline phase (A2) will follow the second intervention phase. Single subject designs allow flexibility in the duration of phases; however, relatively equal lengths of phases are recommended to reduce time related factors such as motivational influences. Furthermore, three to four data points for each phase are recommended to capture a trend and stability of the data (Portney Watkins, 2000). For this study, each phase will last for seven days. The proposed duration for the phases ensures adequate number of data points to determine a trend and stability of the data. The proposed duration of the phases ensures completion of all phases without interruption due to school vacations. The alternate control intervention design will help to determine that sensory diets caused the changes in the target behaviors by comparing the data from control and sensory diet intervention phases. Single subject withdrawal studies are based on the assumption that the effect of the intervention is reversible (Byiers, Reichle, Symons, 2012). Since the results of a pilot study conducted by Pingale and Fletcher (2017) show the effect of the sensory diet intervention lasted through the second baseline phase, the control intervention will be administered during theShow MoreRelatedSchool Based Occupational Therapist Essay794 Words   |  4 Pagesspecial education services (National Center for Educational Statistics, 2017). Approximately fifteen to eighty percent of children with various disabilities also have sensory processing disorder (SPD; Ahn, Miller, Milberger, McIntosh, 2004). SPD impairs children’s ability to detect, modulate, interpret, and respond to sensory stimuli from their body (vestibular-proprioceptive stimuli) and the environment (tactile, visual, auditory, gustatory, and olfactory stimuli). These children have decreasedRead MoreThe Impact Of Children In School Occupations841 Words   |  4 Pagesspecial education services (National Center for Educational Statistics, 2017). Approximately fifteen to eighty percent of children with various disabilities also have sensory processing disorder (SPD) (Ahn, Miller, Milberger, McIntosh, 2004). SPD impairs children’s ability to detect, modulate, interpret, and respond to sensory stimuli from their body (vestibular-proprioceptive stimuli) and the environment (tactile, visual, auditory, gustatory, and olfactory stimuli). As a result, children withRead MoreSelf Regulation And Physiological Regulation1571 Words   |  7 Pagesthe foundations for the development of complex self-regulation skills later in life. The maturation of interactions between physiological and behavioral responses is necessary for the development of self-regulation (Shields et al., 1994). However, effective sensory processing is necessary for physiological regulation and the development of self-regulation as these skills are developed on the basis of the brain’s interpretation of sensory stimuli from the body and environment. Neuroscience. The perceptionRead MoreSensory Processing Disorder (Spd)1941 Words   |  8 PagesSensory Processing Disorder Awareness Since October is National Sensory Awareness month I chose to write my research paper on a topic dear to my heart. Sensory processing (sometimes called sensory integration or SI) is a term that refers to the way the nervous system receives messages from the senses and turns them into appropriate motor and behavioral responses. Whether you are biting into a hamburger, riding a bicycle, or reading a book, your successful completion of the activity requiresRead MorePersonal Growth Through Learning Essay1427 Words   |  6 PagesI’ve made it my passion to be a life-long learner to sharpen my skills, abilities and God-given talent. When an individual doesn’t make a conscience effort to expand their minds, then they are actually making a decision to begin to digress. Being an older college student, my desire is to learn everything that I possibly can with the aid of Victory University. It was fascinating reading about Rene’ Descartes who grew up in France. Descarte s was also a life-long learner. He was the thinker andRead MoreEssay about Human Child Growth and Development693 Words   |  3 Pagesbegun to develop their gross motor skills. They have developed a â€Å"mature pattern of walking† and are ready to test their physical abilities to the limits. Also fine motor skills have begun to develop, however more slowly. Along with motor skills children are developing their visual, tactile, and kinesthetic senses. A child’s sensory skills are helpful in learning language.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A child’s proper growth depends greatly on their nutrition and health. 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On the other hand, new beliefs developed which explain the autism symptoms as results of genetic or environmental influences. Controversial ideas like the effect of diet and vaccines on the development of autism symptoms recognizedRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome The Effects of Alcohol on a Fetus During Pregnancy1727 Words   |  7 Pagesfetal alcohol effects (FAE) and alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND), and alcohol-related birth defects (ARBD) may be present in a fetus or infant but are less severe than FAS yet, shows permanent neurocognitive disabilities. The alcohol effects on the CNS of the fetus may cause permanent neurodevelopmental disabilities that include: mental retardation, learning disabilities, impaired judgment, poor motor coordination, and sensory processing deficits . Sensory processing deficits likeRead MoreNVQ 3 Essay1585 Words   |  7 Pagesis within normal range. 1.3, 1.6 The term spectrum was introduced in the 1970’s by Dr Lorna Wing and Dr Judith Gould. The word spectrum emphasises the fact that while all people with autism share certain areas of difficulty, their condition will effect individuals in different ways. The spectrum ranges from those severely effected to very high functioning. The autistic spectrum includes various sub-conditions or variations of autism. Asperger Syndrome – Although and features of Autism and Asperger

Truman Show and Pleasantville Essay free essay sample

Pleasantville and The Truman Show’s story lines build on many similarities: David and Jennifer are both transported into a â€Å"perfect† world within a black and white television show where there is no fighting, no questioning of authority, there are no convictions and no fires. Truman, similarly, lives within his own â€Å"perfect† world. He has the ideal job, the blonde haired, blue- eyed slim wife, a neat home, friendly neighbours and a world where he would be safe for the rest of his life. In both shows the protagonists, Truman and the people of Pleasantville, had absolutely no worries. In an early sequence of Pleasantville, there is a medium shot of the Parker’s sitting in the kitchen together as a family. This scene is followed by a low angle shot of school children walking to school whilst the American flag waves above their heads. These two scenes symbolise the interpretation of the American dream. Family life is â€Å"perfect†, education is â€Å"perfect† and there is great patriotism. Life in this scene is described as perfect and absolute bliss. The movie builds up on these scenes to show the audience exactly what Pleasantville should be interpreted as. These scenes describe Pleasantville as a perfect life where nothing goes wrong. They describe life in Pleasantville as bliss just as the American Dream is described to be â€Å"blissful†. As the film progresses, the audience’s perceptions of â€Å"The American Dream† change. Towards the middle sequence of Pleasantville, there is an eye level, medium close up on George Parker. Mary-Sue has gone out with her boyfriend and George is assuring Bud that Mary-Sue is a good girl and would do nothing wrong. During this time, Jennifer is at Lovers lane making love to her boyfriend. This scene describes the ignorance of people within a â€Å"perfect† society, one described by â€Å"The American Dream. † This scene shows how people can be exploited and cheated from the truth in a â€Å"perfect† society as real life incidents are hidden away from them. The media, such as twenty-four hour news channels, hide many truths from modern society. Many bias news channels purposely conceal â€Å"the second side of the story† in order to give viewers a one-dimensional outlook on the story. This in turn brings upon ignorant support towards the cause the news channels are bias towards. In this film there is no place other than the place in which they live in-Pleasantville. This symbolizes the close-minded view of people who have been brought up in secluded places or even people who haven’t got a broader view of the outside world. Children in school are greatly protected from the outside world, by their teachers and their parents. They are ignorant towards many happenings in the world because these happenings simply have been hidden away from them. Pleasantville is trying to send a message to the audience that a perfect life with ignorance is no way to live. Otherwise known as â€Å"ignorant bliss†. Ignorant bliss is great for unwanted worries and stress, however ignorance is greatly detrimental towards a society. Ignorance has the power to aid many wrongs in a society. One because of ignorance may hate a nation because one was brought up in a racist family and knows no better other than to hate. Even one may vote a government in to power just because the leader of that particular government is of the same ethnic group as one. In their â€Å"perfect† lives, the people of Pleasantville are ignorant to many of the problems and imperfections of the modern world. In Pleasantville there is a scene where there are crosscuts between Bud and a coloured Margret, who are hugging each other, and a ‘black and white’ boy from school. The boy asks Bud why he isn’t at the town meeting and also why he is with a â€Å"coloured† girl. This scene describes segregation and prejudice executed by human beings. In Pleasantville, Margaret is racially abused because she is â€Å"coloured†. This is an incident, which occurs, in our everyday lives. People are discriminated against because of their colour, race, gender, religion and beliefs. The coloureds in Pleasantville are discriminated against just because they are coloured individuals. This describes how some people in modern society ignorantly and stubbornly discriminate, bully and hate individuals just because they are different to them. They also refuse to be friendly to individuals who are discriminated against just because it would be, being different to everyone else. They are scared that they also might suffer a form of discrimination because they are friendly with an individual who is different to society. For this reason people resist change. Society is afraid that change might bring discomfort upon them. One of the main scenes, which must be included is the scene where Pleasantville citizens are burning the town’s books. There is a high angle shot of the books being burned as well as cross cuts on the faces of the people showing horror towards individuality. This scene shows the repression enforced by the Pleasantville citizens on the â€Å"coloured† individuals in society. It makes reference to a recent historic event- The Holocaust. The burning of the books shows how people can be indoctrinated very easily and carry out acts that are morally wrong. The burning of the books symbolizes lack of knowledge, which can result in ignorant immorality- such as discrimination. Without knowledge people do not know better other than to follow, nor understand the difference between right and wrong. People within modern societies make crucial decision, such as voting a government into power, based on ignorant views rather than logical reasoning. In the closing sequence of Pleasantville, there is a medium shot of Mr. and Mrs. Parker sitting on a bench speaking about the future, then soon after there is a crosscut to Mrs. Parker and Mr. Johnson speaking about the future as well. Mrs. parker in this scene is seen to be having sexual affairs with both her husband, Mr. Parker and her friend Mr. Johnson. This scene ridicules the tremendous amount of failed marriages because of infidelity in modern society. Many marriages are established on fake intentions- such as money. In Truman Show, there is a medium long shot of Truman and his neighbours greeting each other in high key lighting. This symbolizes the â€Å"perfect† life of the â€Å"American dream†. Everything is peaceful, there is no fighting and generally everyone is happy. The beginning scene of this film describes what exactly the â€Å"American Dream† is perceived to be in modern society. It is described it to be worry-free, happy and peaceful. Truman greets his Black neighbours, symbolizing the harmony amongst the different ethnic groups in the American Dream. This scene also portrays the recurrence of Truman’s life. Everything is routine. Truman lives the same life everyday, one, which is resistant to change and in turn which is dependent on Truman’s ignorance. Truman has the ability to live a better life, but only with knowledge, which he does not own. However Truman is exploited and caged in a closed society by Christoff. This proves how a dictatorship in modern society can brainwash many human beings into doing the wrong things in life. They are indoctrinated simply because they know no better and have been hidden from the truth and knowledge of the world, proving how ignorance in modern society limits human beings to better themselves and perform great actions in this world. There is a medium shot of Truman with his back turned to a man in a parachute. The man is in a parachute because he flew from the sky to get into the movie set to tell Truman he is on television. This scene describes the obsession with reality TV in modern society. This scene shows how individuals in modern society are completely infatuated with reality television and with being on television. People are constantly fixated with the happenings on the reality television show that they stop concentrating on more important things in their lives such as their own lives. This scene shows how people can be exploited and cheated from the truth in a â€Å"perfect† society as real life incidents are hidden away from them. Truman has only seen the perfect world in which he lives. He only understands what reality has been presented to him. In this film there is no other place to Truman other than the place in which he lives. This explains how individuals in a secluded society are overpowered by ignorance. They do not understand how the world works. They are hidden from the world and only follow the morals that they have been brought up to follow and understand. Children of religious fundamentalists are brought up being taught in school to hate Israel as well as become suicide bombers. The children are secluded from the outside world and know no better other than to carry out the duties that have been taught to them from a young age. An important scene is when Truman is walking in the bus. There is a low angle shot of Truman walking, whilst everyone else in the bus is sitting. This scene describes segregation and prejudice performed by human beings. It can be seen from the bus scene in the Truman Show that people label other people and treat them differently. Truman is labelled as different and people do not want to interact with him. Truman is seen as the only person standing by himself in the bus, whilst everyone else is sitting, as if he has been segregated from society. This scene describes the tremendous amount of prejudice and segregation in modern society. People refuse to change and explain to the â€Å"different† Truman what exactly is happening within his world. These people on the bus have more knowledge than Truman, however they refuse to share it with Truman because they are scared to be individuals and in turn do not perform duties, which are morally correct. The crew members refrain from telling Truman the truth about his life because they are paid to play along with his storyline. This satirises how the world revolves around monetary matters and values wealth higher than morality. In the end scene there are cross cuts between Christoff and Truman. Christoff is trying to pursuade Truman to remain within his perfect world of which he has created for Truman. This scene ridicules celebrity culture in our world. The media elevates the status of media moguls into â€Å"Gods† and â€Å"idols†. In this scene Christoff acts as a â€Å"demi-god†, trying to influence Truman to remain in his world. Truman decides to leave the world of which the media has created for him and proves that he is on the same level as Christoff. Even though Christoff has been branded by the media as a God. Truman asserts himself and proves that all human beings are on the same level. As a conclusion, one can see how the two films are trying to exclaim how the world lives on screwed morals. Both The Truman Show and Pleasantville illustrate that the world isn’t a perfect world. The world isn’t an â€Å"American dream†. Within the world there is large forms of discrimination, war and poverty. Both films exemplify how ignorance can lead human beings in performing acts, which are morally wrong. Ignorance can also lead to being indoctrinated for example the Nazis in the holocaust as well as religious fundamentalists in our world today.

Privacy Audit Control and the Governance Process

Question: Describe about the privacy audit. Answer: Introduction Auditing tends to be an independent and objective assurance consulting activity that receives guidance from philosophies that add value so as to improve the operations. It also assists the funding parties to accomplish their objectives through the establishment of a significant system and disciplined approach that evaluates and improves the effectiveness of any organization's risk management, control and the governance process (McMillan, 2016). Therefore, as an auditor one is expected to establish or takes the responsibilities given by the board to oversight their function. Hence, it is expected that as an auditor that you adhere to the auditor code of ethics (McMillan, 2016). Therefore, the significance of this paper will be the identification of the codes that are being violated in the three case scenarios and offer a recommendation report that implements the conformation to the privacy legislation issue. Scenario 1 The rising issue that can be outlined in this scenario is the act of Billy taking customers information so as to save potential work for himself. His acts arent necessary because the practical purpose of this step he has undertaken isnt required at this stage. Billy also fails to include the privacy of the information being collected from the customers who have applied in the system. Therefore, in this case, we can outline that Billy has breached three APP rules that are; organizational policies, privacy principles, and data and network security. Organization policies From what we can observe in this case is that Billy was expected to develop a system that suits the policies that are outlined in the privacy practices, and the expectation was that their system will handle personal information for clients, customers and listees in an effective manner. But according to our scenario Billy has failed to include the privacy of information that is being collected from customers who have applied in this system. Privacy Principles The privacy principle requires that there should be an effective, fair information practice being developed in any organization (Peltier, 2014). Since this principle is made up of different components I will outline some of the components that Billy has breached: they are Purpose specification-this component requires that the purpose of collection of information should be set at a specific time of collection. Therefore, further uses should be limited to other purposes. But, according to our scenario Billy collected information for future purposes, thus breaking the law of limitation for other purposes. Hence, his act of taking more data for future purposes can act as a breach of the privacy principles. Collection limitation- is required that personal information should be collected in a fair and lawful channel, and there should be proper consent of the subjects. Organizations must always keep sure that they minimize their data collection only for the present purpose of business conduction (Peltier, 2014). Looking at our scenario what is seen is that Billy decides not to limit his data collection method; he also takes more data for potential work purpose for himself. Therefore, such an act tends to be considered as a breach of the privacy principle. Data and Network Security Security of personal data, whether kept in electronic form, paper form or micrographic form on any website, book, journal or magazine. What should be certain is that there should be a data security breach response plan, high security of clients personal information and effective measures or procedures that make it hard for any past employee accessing data (Peltier, 2014). In this case, Billy deciding to take customers information for future purposes is an act of security breach of data. There is also the aspect of keeping customers information secure, since Billy was the web developer he failed to keep the customers information secure, leading to the breach of APP rules of data security. Scenario 2 In this case, what tends to be observed is Steve as a customer support employee in his daily routines pops out a wrongful customer detail. The contact detail of the person brought up tends to be his old high school friend Peter. Steve then takes the step if keeping the contact and sending his old friend a text message. In such a scenario the types of breach that have occurred are the limitation access control and privacy rule. In access control, the APP rules provide that one should only access information for the purpose of organizational objective. Hence, if one attains personal information from the organizations database for individual purposes it means that he is violating the rule of access control. Therefore, having access control tends to be a necessary factor as it enables the ability of organization to control it clients private information. The APP rules tend to require that any data controller must limit himself from accessing personal data on the need to know basis. Therefore, there should only be greater access limitations or controls to the most sensitive data. Therefore, a data controller should be aware that of the different users and the manners of controlling personal customers information should be only used for business purposes, not for personal reasons (Hightower, 2009). The rule also pertains that any data controller employee must not download or take any personal data from the organization's system. Hence, in our scenario Steve committed a breach of the access control rule. All this occurred when he decided to take the number of his old friend Peter and texted him. Privacy rules As discussed above the privacy rule is made up of different components that govern the methods effective privacy policies. As for this case scenario, Steve has breached the users limitation and quality components. Users limitation- Steves action of taking his old friends number and texting him tends to be a violation, this is because he extended his actions instead of limiting himself from using personal information. Quality- this component requires that personal information is accurate, complete and in timely manners. In this scenario what is observed is that Steve brings up the wrong customer details, meaning that he has affected the quality rule of data keeping. Scenario 3 In this case, we observe that Mary a contract cleaner found an attended file lying open on the desk and reads. Upon reading, she finds a full history of the book titles that characterize the customers history purchases of R18 in the company. In such a case, the APP rules that we can outline that he has broken is that of privacy principle and users authentication. 1) Privacy Principle According to the rule it requires that customers personal information be confidential, and in this case, the principle is made up of components (McMillan, 2016). Hence, the components that he has violated are that of user limitation, purpose specification, and individual participation. User limitations- here Marys action of picking up the file and reading means that he has violated the act of limitation. As a contract employee, she was not subjected to reading the file, in this case, thus breaching the rules. Purpose specification- here it is required that the access and use of information be used for a specific reason. Hence, in our case Mary has violated this by reading the customer transactions history as well as the personal details for no specific reason. Individual participation- here, individuals are allowed to inspect and correct their personal data. From our case, Mary looks at the customers details and comments by herself how disgusting. Such an act tends to be a breach of the privacy principle. 2) Users Authentication In this case, the act of Mary taking the file and deciding to go through it is an act that violates the users authentication rule. The rule requires that an individual should not access a customers file or personal details in any instance except when in need. Task 2 Introduction Express Books should consider taking vital steps for the purpose of protection of personal information which they hold so as to avoid interference, loss or misuse from any unauthorized access such as the case of Mary, the contracted cleaner. Scope of audit Hence, they should consider modifying or disclosing their systems in a unique way that lowers the risk levels of privacy legislation issues, thus this will serve as a proper scope of audit (Lamar University, 2004). Objective of the audit The primary objective of this audit is to make Express organization work on special circumstance appoint that other agencies that are subject to specific legislative requirements. Hence, this objective would protect information, and also the legislative privacy requirements as well as other requirements that apply across the organization. Audit Criteria The audit criteria pertained here is that of protection of personal information for Express Company clients. It is evident that there is misuse of personal information by the organizations employees. Hence, the audit criteria will involve information protection. Audit Finding The findings in this case is that there has been misuse if information. Hence, this audit works on privacy protection which is a critical part in the auditing process. Recommendations Having proper security tends to safeguard personal information, hence the need of making sure that it is considered across all ranges of the companys department. Therefore, this should include the maintenance of physical security, personnel security, computer and networking security, and communication security. Hence, to meet the above set of security measures Express Books should consider assessing the risk, assessing the privacy impact assessments, developing policies, training staffs, appropriate contract management, setting up of high privacy security standards, training staffs to avoid privacy legislation challenges, and lastly is monitoring and reviewing of the legislations (Lamar University, 2004). Depending on the legislative privacy circumstance, the reasonable step that Express Book may include the preparation and implementation of data breach policy and plans. Therefore, the notification of individuals who may suffer from the breach should be notified as this is a reasonable step that should be undertaken (Lamar University, 2004). References Hightower, R. (2009).Internal controls policies and procedures. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley. McMillan, E. J. (2016).Policies and procedures to prevent fraud and embezzlement: Guidance, internal controls, and investigation. Hoboken N.J: John Wiley. Peltier, T. R. (2014).Information security policies and procedures: A practitioner's reference. Boca Raton, FL: Auerbach Publications. Lamar University. (2004).Report to management on audit of investment policies and procedures compliance. Beaumont, Tex.: Lamar University.