Allotrope Definition and Examples Chemistry Glossary

The term allotrope refers to one or more forms of a chemical element that occur in the same physical state. The different forms arise from the different ways atoms may be bonded together. The concept of allotropes was proposed by Swedish scientist Jons Jakob Berzelius in 1841. The ability for elements to exist in this way is called allotropism. Allotropes may display very different chemical and physical properties. For example, graphite and diamond are both allotropes of carbon  that occur in the solid state. Graphite is soft, while diamond is extremely hard. Allotropes of phosphorus display different colors, such as red, yellow, and white. Elements may change allotropes in response to changes in pressure, temperature, and exposure to light. Examples of Allotropes To continue the carbon example, in diamond, the carbon atoms are bonded to form a tetrahedral lattice. In graphite, the atoms bond to form sheets of a hexagonal lattice. Other allotropes of carbon include graphene and fullerenes. O2 and ozone, O3, are allotropes of oxygen. These allotropes persist in different phases, including the gas, liquid, and solid states. Phosphorus has several solid allotropes. Unlike the oxygen allotropes, all phosphorus allotropes form the same liquid state. Allotropism Versus Polymorphism Allotropism refers only to the different forms of pure chemical elements. The phenomenon in which compounds display different crystalline forms is called polymorphism.

Compare and Contrast Autocratic and Democratic Leadership...

Autocratic leadership is a classical leadership style with the following characteristics: manager seeks to make as many decisions as possible, manager seeks to have the most authority and control in decision making, manager seeks to retain responsibility rather than utilise complete delegation , consultation with other colleagues in minimal and decision making becomes a solitary process managers are less concerned with investing their own leadership development, and prefer to simply work on the task at hand. Whereas Democratic Leadership is the leadership style that promotes the sharing of responsibility, the exercise of delegation and continual consultation. The style has the following characteristics: manager seeks consultation on all†¦show more content†¦Many leaders who start pursuing leadership development are often trying to improve upon their organisations autocratic leadership style. Each of these leadership styles has its own benefits (advantages) disadvantages and they are as follows: Advantages of autocratic leadership Style Advantages democratic leadership style Reduced stress due to increased control: where the manager ultimately has significant legal and personal responsibility for a project, it will comfort them and reduce their stress levels to know that they have control over their fate. Positive work environment: a culture where junior employees are given fair amount of responsibility and are allowed to challenge themselves is one where employees are more enthused to work and enjoy what they do. A more productive group ‘while the leader is watching’: the oversight that an autocratic manager exerts over a team improves their working speed and makes them less likely to slack. Successful initiatives: the process of consultation and feedback naturally results in better decision making and more effective operations. Improved logistics of operations: having one leader with heavy involvement in many areas makes it more likely that problems are spotted in advance and deadlines met. Creative thinking The free flow of ideas and positive work environment is the perfect catalyst for creative thinking. Faster decision making: when only one person makesShow MoreRelatedLeadership Styles Of Captain William Bligh1076 Words   |  5 PagesCompare and Contrast the Leadership Styles of Captain William Bligh verses Lieutenant Fletcher Christian. The topic of leadership evokes curiosity about our leaders and their approaches in decision making, leadership styles and the effectiveness of their leadership. At time leaders are critiqued for their actions or views on different business affairs. In today’s working environment leaders set the tone, vision, and goals of any organization. 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Object and Data Modeling Business Development and Business Strategies

Question: Discuss about theObject and Data Modelingfor Business Development and Business Strategies. Answer: Introduction The report depicts the importance of implementing cloud computing technology solution for the development of business and its overall strategies. The taken case study to prepare this report is Evaluating Cloud Technology Solutions for Business Development and Business Strategies. The advanced business functionalities will help different business organizations to gain competitive advances from the competitive marketplace. Cloud computing acts as a tool and it provide mobility to the businesses. In addition to this, the report will illustrate the resources that are required to collect data for the business development. Though, technology gives extreme commercial benefit to organizations but at the same time it put certain negative impact to the businesses also (Julfathna, Babu Jayakameswaraiah 2014). After complementary study of the business it will analyze different business risks that might hamper the system. The outcome of the business processes will be elaborated at the end of the report. Business Case The cloud computing technology, gives many possible advantages to the organization. It helps an organization to build a flexible virtual office that can connect the business to other technical advances. The technology gives effective business environment in terms of digital devices and due to this adaptation the users can access data from wherever and whenever they want (Paroutis, Bennett Heracleous, 2014). However, all time it will not help to scale up the business rater sometimes, lack of management system it might scale down the business growth. Cloud computing technology provides positive ambiance in terms of backup resilience, disaster recovery. It means once the data get stored in the database of an organization it cannot be deleted automatic, because cloud possesses a vast storage. If any information regarding previous applications is required, then due to the backup resilience one can fetch information from the storage easily (Ward Peppard, 2016). Moreover, it can be said t hat, cloud computing gives wide range of economical profit as it is capable to acquire different IT based capacities. Cloud computing can be acquired as a service model, that provides shared and configurable resources. Analysis of the Business Functionalities The business case has much functionality that is associated to cloud computing technologies. In order to instantiate advanced, flexible and scalable business model cloud computing technology is required to be adopted (Oliveira, Thomas Espadanal, 2014). Cloud computing serves various functions that are beneficial from the business perspectives. Some features of cloud computing, help to enhance the business ability of an organization. The functions are as follows: Infrastructure as a service (IaaS): In order to increase the business abilities most of the businesses from medium to large are eager to adopt IaaS platform (Paroutis, Bennett Heracleous, 2014). This is referred to an obvious choice as it is cot saving and it helps to develop and deploy the platform application. Private and hybrid cloud: The business organizations those want to host large IT infrastructures, can adopt hybrids cloud where they will be getting large storage capacity. Again the public cloud will help to protect information from different external attacks (Julfathna, Babu Jayakameswaraiah 2014). This particular case study implies that, more than 763 Billion cumulative finance supports can be achieved between the time periods of 2010 to 2012by adopting the hybrid, public and private cloud technology. Testing and development: This is one of the best possible scenarios provided by cloud computing technology needed to develop the business models (Gupta, Seetharaman Raj, 2013). With the help of secured budget estimation, manpower support and physical assets a specific environment can be created for the business. A business model supported by cloud service does not have any particular boundary rather; it often helps to combine the real and virtual world together. Big data analytics: Big data acts as a vital part of computing technology. It is referred to as an analytical tool, and helps to take important decision for business organizations. In order to develop the quantity and quality of the business infrastructure big data analytics is found to be very helpful (Ward Peppard, 2016). Information System is a combination of different business functionalities, and act in an integrated manner that includes customer relationship management and supply chain management also. On the other hand, backup and disaster recovery are the other functionalities associated to cloud computing. Required Resources In order to create a supportive set up for cloud computing in business model development the main required resources are computing resources that include- network, servers, storage, application and different services (Khanagha, Volberda Oshri, 2014). Most of the computing resources based on the service level agreement require datacenter resources with different cloud components. The resources are selected and monitored by the organizational business managers. The IT resources are also needed to develop the business model and business strategy at the same time. Broad Feasibility of the Project Cloud computing solution helps to create innovative business models. The development team of the business focuses on the infrastructure management system which is based on innovation (Oliveira, Thomas Espadanal, 2014). The main businesses professionals are focused on the cost benefit analysis program. The main aim is to evaluate a successful and cloud based collaborative platform that might reduce the pre-estimated cost. As cloud does not need to depend on any particular software and hardware even, no regular update policy is associated to it (DaSilva et al., 2013). Thus, they need to balance the production and delivery system. In online processing, the production is customer focused, and the regulatory management is focused on the prevention and promotion of the products. The project is enough feasible. Risk Analysis In this case study the most critical and highlighted issue is referred to as the data security. Most of the consumers were avoiding net banking as they felt that the system is not at all safe and secured. The basic key components oriented to risk analysis include availability, confidentiality, traceability and integrity (Repschlaeger et al., 2012). Other kinds of risks are associated to authentication. Unauthorized users might hack confidential data from the storage and misuse those is another issue. Outcome of the Business Project After analysis of the complete business model it has been found that, after adaptation of cloud computing solution, one traditional model can become more innovative and advantageous in nature. The business model will give competitive advantages to the consumers (Paroutis, Bennett Heracleous, 2014). The business project gave innovative business strategies in terms of application and actions. Conclusion From the overall discussion it can be concluded that the Information System gives effective profit to the consumers and to the organization as well. The report has mentioned the business background including the business functionalities. The cloud computing solution gave effective outcome. Currently, most of the organizations are providing strict attention to new technological advances such as cloud computing, digital platform and big data. The report analyzed the business case including its functionalities. The required resources are also discussed in this report. At the same time, many business risks are also associated to it those are also analyzed. References DaSilva, C. M., Trkman, P., Desouza, K., Lindi?, J. (2013). Disruptive technologies: a business model perspective on cloud computing.Technology Analysis Strategic Management,25(10), 1161-1173. Gupta, P., Seetharaman, A., Raj, J. R. (2013). The usage and adoption of cloud computing by small and medium businesses.International Journal of Information Management,33(5), 861-874. Julfathna, N., Babu, G. A., Jayakameswaraiah, M. (2014). Evaluating Cloud Technology Solutions for Business Development and Business Strategies.International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 49. Khanagha, S., Volberda, H., Oshri, I. (2014). Business model renewal and ambidexterity: structural alteration and strategy formation process during transition to a Cloud business model.RD Management,44(3), 322-340. Oliveira, T., Thomas, M., Espadanal, M. (2014). Assessing the determinants of cloud computing adoption: An analysis of the manufacturing and services sectors.Information Management,51(5), 497-510. Paroutis, S., Bennett, M., Heracleous, L. (2014). A strategic view on smart city technology: The case of IBM Smarter Cities during a recession.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,89, 262-272. Repschlaeger, J., Zarnekow, R., Wind, S., Turowski, K. (2012). Cloud Requirement Framework: Requirements and Evaluation Criteria to Adopt Cloud solutions. InECIS(p. 42). Ward, J., Peppard, J. (2016).The Strategic Management of Information Systems: Building a Digital Strategy. John Wiley Sons.

The Effects of the Korea Division on South Korea after the Korean War

Introduction The division of Korea was an event, which stemmed from the 1945 World War II victory of the Allied nations. The victory marked the end of the 35 year long Japanese rule over Korea. The division, resulted from the declined proposal, for the United States and the Soviet Union, to transitorily occupy Korea, in the form of a trusteeship.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Effects of the Korea Division on South Korea after the Korean War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The trusteeship, was intended to bring about the establishment of a Korean provisional government, which would be liberated to independence, after gaining stability. In line with the proposal, elections had been scheduled, a move that the Soviet Union refused consenting to. The refusal by the Soviet Union, was mainly because the elections would be administered in a free and fair manner, across the two Korean divisions. As a resul t of the non-cooperation, a communist nation was formed, under the directive of the Soviet Union, at the Northern division. A pro-western state was also established at the South Division, through the backing of the two super powers. Also, the two super powers, backed the different leaderships of the different territories, which led to the effective establishment of the two states. However, the two states claimed superiority over the entire Korean region (Landsberg 71). Discussion The Korean War of 1950 to 1953, was a war between the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, backed up by China and the Soviet Union; and the Republic of Korea, backed by the United States of America. The war was primarily, the result of the political separation of Korea, which was made through the agreement by the Allied Nations after the World War II (Cumings 607). The impacts of the Korean division on South Korea are many, and they include land border issues, maritime incidents, and air attacks by the North Korean authorities. Other impacts include the democratization of South Korea. After the division of South and North Korea; the political climate was a cause for the political evolution of Soul, after running from authoritarian rule to democratic governance. Through the democratization of Southern Korea, the South Korean economy was able to establish an increased number of relations with foreign countries. As a result, the southern territory was able to develop security and foreign issues, which greatly affected the democratization of the state and the ability to establish cross-strait relations. This in turn contributed to the development of the state in its different aspects. These include the trade relations between South Korea and Taiwan (Lee 124).Advertising Looking for research paper on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More After the division, South Korea was forced into the domination of the territory by fore ign powers. The effects of this domination may be seen in the area of the victimization of the people of South Korea, especially the women living at the Cheju region. Long after the division, the women at Cheju have had to condone to sexual exploitation by foreigners, especially Japanese men. However, after a lengthy period of such victimization, the women at the Cheju region resolved to enter into prostitution business, a case that can be traced to the bereavement of a majority of them, after the 1988 attack on the group branded the Guerillas. The effect of their decision to move into sex tourism is evident up to date, and is a case which is known among church leaders and administrative authorities. For instance, during a 1988 International church seminar held at the YMCA, church affiliates were reported, as saying that there was a need to have more Japanese tourists visit the Cheju region, as they would bring money into the area. The same people are quoted as reporting that the in come from the sex tourism business, increases the endowment of the church in the area of giving (Lee 124). The division of Korea, also resulted in the instability of the South Korean state, a situation that pushed them into becoming reliant on nuclear war strategies, drawn from the superpowers backing them. For instance, it was reported that during the 1990s, there were enough nuclear bombs in the South Korean territory, enough to vandalize the entire Korean Peninsula biologically. According to the reports, there were between 120 and 1200 nuclear bombs, owned by the Unites States, at the South Korean state. During the same period, there were also more than forty thousand U.S ground troops in South Korea. Further, the autonomy of the U.S in the area of using nuclear bombs at the South Korean region, shows that South Korea fell into foreign dominance soon after the division. This is the case, as it is illegal for America to start the use of nuclear weapons in Europe, except at the Sou th Korean region, where they carry on such activities without the permission of local authorities (Lee 124). South Korea also became a pollutant-dependent nation after the division, mainly because of the establishment of poisonous production plants. For instance, there was the incidence of a boy who had died, after working at a mercury-producing factory for a period of six months. The case shows that South Korea, fell into chemical exploitation after the division of the different states. Further exploitation can be traced in the challenges placed in the way of the agricultural sector in the South Korean region.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Effects of the Korea Division on South Korea after the Korean War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These include the strategy to keep South Korea under the rule of the U.S. During the 1990s, Korean farmers were under the threat of being faced out of the agricul tural production platform by the U.S. For instance, the U.S importation of beef products into South Korea, led to the loss of domesticated animals, like cows, and in other cases, the suicide of the indebted farmers. This was the case, as these farmers grew into debt, to the level that they could not keep their lands, thus becoming mere tenants. From the case, it is evident that foreign dominance was killing the Korean economy to its advantage (Oberdorfer 472). Other effects of the division of the two Koreas, include the land border attacks on South Korea by the North Korean forces. Some of these attacks include the April 1970 attempt, the November 1974, the recent 2006 attempts by the North Korean military, seeking to cross into South Korea, and the November 2010 attack on South Korean military training grounds. From these attacks, South Korea has had to remain on alert, ready for an attack from the North Korean forces, a case that led them into instituting readiness drills. These m ay be traced to the November 23, 2010 attack, which came after the Northern authorities had warned against planned military preparedness drills by South Korea. The drills were taking place at the Yeonpyong Island, where North Korean forces attacked. From the attack, there was an exchange of fire, which led to the death of 4 people and 15 others injured. This clearly shows the subjective treatment of South Korea by their North Korean counterparts, which has been the situation for South Korea, ever since the division. Other areas that South Korea has had to cultivate attack preparedness, include air operations and centers, especially after the 2003 attack by a North Korean jet fighter, which had entered the South Korean territory (Craig 75). Conclusion The division of Korea into the Northern and the Southern territories, took place after 1945 World War II victory of the Allied nations. The planned unification of Korea through a free and fair election failed, after the Soviet Union fai led consenting to the proposal, a case that led to the creation of two autonomous states, backed by the Soviet Union and the United States. However, that was not the end, as the two states and the respective leaderships, were competing for autonomous control over the entire Korean Peninsula. As a result, the conflict culminated into the Koran war of 1950-1953. After the war, the two states were declared autonomous. However, North Korea continued its revolt against the autonomy of the Southern state, attacking it both from land, borders and air. The effects of the division of Korea on the South Korean state, include the range of attacks by the Korean forces, the democratization of the South Korean economy, and the domination of the territory by foreign nations, these including Japan and the United States.Advertising Looking for research paper on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other effects include reliance on nuclear war strategies, South Korea hosting a pollutant – dependent economy, and the exploitation of the South Korean economy by foreign nations. The forms of exploitation evident at South Korea, include sexual exploitation from Japanese men, and economic exploitation by the United States. Works Cited Craig, Albert. The Heritage of World Civilizations, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall Publishers, 2012. Print. Cumings, Bruce.  The Origins of the Korean War: Liberation and the Emergence of Separate Regimes,  Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981. Print. Landsberg, Martin. â€Å"Korea: Division, Reunification, U.S. Foreign Policy.† Monthly Review 7.9 (1998): 71–77. Print. Lee, Ki-baik.  A New History of Korea, Seoul: Ilchokak Publishers, 1984. Print. Oberdorfer, Don.  The Two Koreas: A Contemporary History,  Boston: Addison-Wesley, 1997. Print. This research paper on The Effects of the Korea Division on South Korea after the Korean War was written and submitted by user The Twelve to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

A Fool Knows Best Essay

A Fool Knows Best Essay A Fool Knows Best Essay Nicholas Lipinski Mr. Lauchlan World Literature 28 October 2012 A Fool Knows Best It seems very unlikely that a gravedigger, with no education or sense of knowledge, would have an effect on an intelligent prince. It also seems highly unlikely that a half-dug grave containing skulls, bones, and rotting decay would provide William Shakespeare a perfect opportunity to employ comedy in Hamlet. However, Shakespeare has taken hold of this opportunity to provide a discussion full of jest, remarkable word-play, and clever humor. Using these thematic elements, he forces Hamlet to question â€Å"his inability to recognize how a major way of knowing restricts both his love and his philosophy† (Hunt 141). In other words, Hamlet becomes aware that man is truly the very â€Å"quintessence of dust† (Shakespeare 103) and no matter if the man be a great king or simple peasant, all return to nothing. The comedic value of the gravedigger becomes apparent before he and Prince Hamlet even speak. He sings while digging and Shakespeare’s audience i s in the same state of surprise as Hamlet. â€Å"Has this fellow no feeling of his business?† (Shakespeare 243). The digger seems to have no sense of his work but still eventually gains the respect from Hamlet with his ready tongue and wit. In a humorous dialogue between the two, they discuss what exactly lies in the grave: HAMLET: What man dost thou dig it for? GRAVEDIGGER: For no man, sir. HAMLET: What woman then? GRAVEDIGGER: For none neither. HAMLET: Who is to be buried in't? GRAVEDIGGER: One that was a woman sir, but, rest her soul, she's dead. (Shakespeare 247) The gravedigger, unlike Hamlet, does not see the skulls and bones of the dead the same persons who they once belonged too. Ophelia is no longer a woman; in fact she is dead. The gravedigger has something Hamlet does not; â€Å"his view of experience is truly decorous. He is able to isolate joys and beloved individuals in their own times, not insisting that a past experience be unnaturally superimposed upon the p resent† (Hunt 143). Hamlet wishes death was non-existent and he finds it depressing whereas the gravedigger can acknowledge it with humor. Hamlet cannot accept the natural process until he actually holds a skull in his hand and examines â€Å"what a piece of work [that] is a man† (Shakespeare 101). Hamlet takes the skull of Yorick and examines it, and at this turning point, begins to oppose the play's initial premise of human imperfection. He cannot yet sing while grave-making like the gravedigger, but now the â€Å"custom hath made it in him a property of easiness† (Shakespeare 243). Hamlet’s belief that man is nothing turns to something real. â€Å"He can trace the dust of a world-conqueror until he finds it stopping a bung-hole and without considering a jot too curiously† (Reno 110). The fact that Yorick, someone who played a prominent role in young Hamlet’s life, is now a pile of decay in the dirt has a profound effect on Hamlet. He could be looking at two skulls, one Alexander’s, the world-conqueror, and the other Yorick’s, and he would not be able to tell the difference. All return to nothing. This concept of nothing is very apparent in Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place.† This short story studies the inevitability of death and how there are always two contrasting views present. One view on life is hurried and impatient; not understanding of others. The second view is the opposite. It is patient and wise; knowing that death is near. The elder waiter is a practitioner of the second viewpoint as he reprimands the younger waiter for his rush. â€Å"What is an hour?† asks the older waiter (Hemingway 98). To the elder waiter, time is not important. Time is nothing. Death is the only thing to be certain of. This brings the discussion back to the graveyard where the digger uses time as his ally. Hamlet asks, â€Å"How long is it since [you became a

Fashion Design Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fashion Design - Term Paper Example Fashion designers have various responsibilities in their daily operations. First, they ought to be apt of innovating and producing concepts that are appealing and prospective. Additionally, they should have either the ability to construct sketches by hand or the ability to use a computer. They also should be apt of developing various appealing patterns, which they translate to their pieces. Moreover, they should be keen in overseeing and monitoring production of their aesthetic pieces. They ought to be in a position to analyze trends on fabric, shapes and colours. Fashion designers operate at any time, and may end up working for long hours. They usually participate in fashion shows, compile collections and derive samples for prospective buyers. They may as well attend the shows as auditors; involve themselves in prediction fairs among other activities such as visiting of prospective clientele and exhibitions. Travel is apparently mandatory and overtly necessary for fashion designers (Jones 22). They have promising salaries at their disposal, such as sixty thousand pounds annually. Fashion designers ought to be competent and creative whenever they embark in their work. They have as eye for colour, patterns and textures. They have the aptitude to visualize things in three perspectives or dimensions. Additionally, they possess technical skills in areas such as garment making, grading and cutting of appealing patterns that are aesthetic and pleasing to their clientele.

Critical analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critical analysis - Essay Example The O- ring seal let gases emanating from the so rocket booster. These gases lay on the propellant tank which is outside and also the booster strut. This took place in January 28 1986. The remains of the shuttle fell into the Atlantic Ocean just off Florida’s cost. The compartment where the crew was together with fragment of the space shuttle was only recovered after a long search of the ocean was conducted. When exactly the crew passed away is unknown but it is believed that a number survived when the space craft initially broke up. The only problem for those who survived was the fact that the shuttle lacked a means of escape .It is for this reason that they were captive in the space shuttle as it impacted with the ocean surface .This was too violent for any of them to survive. The shuttle space program was halted for 32 months due to the disaster. The Rogers commission was formed by the then president Ronald Regan. The commission laid blame on NASA’S decision making s ystem and and its organizational culture for the disaster. NASA was aware that the design of the Shuttle Solid Rocket Boosters (SBRs) by Morton Thiokol had a lethal defect in the O-rings .This hadn’t been addressed since 1977.They also failed to head to warnings from engineers concerning the launch in the prevailing low temperature that fateful morning. These technical concerns weren’t shared with the superiors. It is interesting to note the vehicle never received certification to run in the low temperatures of that morning The O- ring together with other key components hadn’t been tested to ensure that they would operate in the launch conditions of that morning. The launch had many viewers since it had Christa McAuliffe .She was to be the first teacher, female, in space .So hyped was the launch that just an hour after the Disaster 85% of Americans had gotten wind of the news .It is worth noting that the challengers disaster was a reference point when it comes t o issues of engineering safety and ethics in the work place. The concerns about the O-Ring A look at the space Shuttle Solid Rocket Boosters Design (SRBS) will help us understand where the flaw lay. To begin with this unit makes part of the vehicle for space transportation system. It is made up of six sections connected in 3 factory and field joints. Factory joints had an insulation made up of asbestos-silica .This was applied at the joints to cover them. The field joints were assembled at the Kennedy space centre in the building used for vehicle Assembly .The field joints relied on two O-rings made of rubber .There was a primary one and a secondary one which acted as a backup. After the disaster, field joints adopted a 3 O-ring system. All the SRB joint seals were to contain high pressure gasses resultant from the combustion of the solid propellant that lay within. All the propellant is supposed to emanate from the nozzle at the end of the rocket. At the time of the shuttle design, a Mc Donnell Douglass report highlighted the record of solid rockets when it came to safety .It was safe to abort in most failure types. There was one though in which aborting would have been dangerous. Hot gasses would burn through the forced casing. If the burn through was to take place next the liquid hydrogen/oxygen tank, aborting a launch